Hydrocarbon-burner.



No. 7|l,855. Patented Oct. 2|, I902.

B. N. HAWES. HYDROCARBON BURNER.

(Applicatioh filed May 19, 1902.1 (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I.

Wnyv ss s: 'Zf' 3 [NVENTOR Affomey UNITED STAT S BENJAMIN N. I-IAWES, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No.711,85 5, dated October 21, 1902. Application filed May 19, 1902. Serial No. 108,033. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern/.-

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN N. HAwEs, a citizen of the United States, residing in the cityof Washington, in the District of Oolumr bia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Burners; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichwith regard to the air circulation and admix= ture of the air with the oil-gas to produce perfeet combustion and the utilization of the products of combustion, so that the greatest possible degree of heat can be obtained, my primary object is to improve the combustion or mixing chamber, so constructing the same that the air inp'assing through it will beheated to a high degree of heat before it reaches and mixes with the unburned oil-vapor and then passing it directly to points where it mixes with the vapor in .its highly-heated state, thus more effectually continuing the.

rapid and perfect mixture of oil-gas and air and consequent combustibility of the mixture thus produced.

A further object is to improve the retort and superheating;pipe, so constructing the same that the oil in being fed to the burner will be made to pass into the retort and superheating-pipe in an upwardly direction from the point of entrance to the point where it is 1,,- nited, thus preventing the accumulation of more oil in said parts than Will instantly vaporize, thereby eliminating the chance of slight explosions that frequently occur in burners of this class where oil is allowed to gather or accumulate in recesses below the point of supply.

Other objects and advantages resulting from the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings will become apparent in the course ofthe following description.

In the drawings, Figure l is a perspective view of my preferred form of burner complete, the-oil-inlet pipe being omitted. Fig. 2is a perspective view of the supporting-pan or base-plate of the burner. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one of the jets. .Fig. 4 is a central section of the jet. spective view of a burner, showing a slightlymodified form of retort; and Fig. 6 is a central vertical section of the burner shown in Fig. 5.

- Referring to the drawings, the base of the burner is formed of the supporting-pan 1, having four upwardly-extending end pieces 2, one at each corner, and two oppositely-disposed central partitions 3, the purpose of which will presently become apparent. permit the free passage of air through the bottom of the pan 1 when the same is in place -in the fire-box of a stove, I provide a number of circular openings 4. This pan is further provided with a rib 5 to prevent the oil, before the same is ignited to heat the burner,

from passing to the central row of holes.

The numeral 6 designates the top or deflecting plate, which rests upon the pieces 2 and is provided with short downwardly-projecting end flanges 7 and side flanges 8, which obviously prevent the top plate from sliding either laterally or longitudinally upon the pan when the parts are assembled. The deflecting-plate .isprovided with a number of air-holes 9, distributedpromiscuously over its surface to permit the heate'dair from the chamber 10 .(which chamber results from the assembling of the supporting-pan and deflecting-plate in the manner just described) to pass above the plate 6, where it is brought in contact and mixes with the heated air and gas in and below the mixing or combustion chamber 11, as will clearly appear farther along. The mixing-chamber can best be described as a plurality of tubes connected together and communicating with each other, a central vertical tube 12, horizontal tube 13, and end tubes 14, all of which are preferably of the same diameter and in the present instance preferably constructed in lateral halves firmly held together by two or more transverse bolts 15.

Fig. 5 is a per-' The central tube is provided with a flange or rib adjacent to its bottom edge and two latorally-extending slotted cars 16 for the passage of short bolts 17, by which means the chamber is fimly held to the plate 6. As shown at 18, Fig. 6, the lower end of the tube 12 opens into the chamber 10 and the partitions 3 on the lower plate come on either side of the opening 18 for the purpose of directly conducting to the central tube a portion of the air passing in between the deflecting-plate 6 and plate 1 and the central tube and preventing the same from conflicting with air-currents more advantageously passing through the perforations in the top plate 6' to reunite above the said plate with the air that passes up through the central tube and through the mixing or combustion chamber.

The numeral 19 indicates the jet-pipe,which is closed at its ends, as indicated by the numeral 20, and provided with a central portion 21, in which is screwed the upper end of the superheating-pipe 22, which pipe is bent around the mixing-chamber, as shown, and formed into a vertical portion 23 and inclined portions 24 and 25, the end of the longer portion being screwed into the retort 26, which will presently be described. The jet-pipe rests upon two vertical pieces 27, cast integral with one or the other of the halves of the mix ing-chamber, and is held thereto by vertical rods 28, bent to form hooks 29, which hook over the pipe, pass through the top plate, and are held to the bottom plate preferably by nuts 30, as clearly shown in Fig. 6. These rods also hold the deflecting-plate and pan together. The pipe is provided with jets 31, which are threaded and screwed into the pipe and when the parts are assembled come directly over circular openings 32, so located in the tube 13 as to bring them at about the center of the tube 14, so that the gas in passing with considerable force into the tube 14 will create a downdraft and draw the heated air up through the tube 12, thus quickening the passage of the air through the last-mentioned tube and chamber andside and ends thereof. I have found in practice that excellent results are accomplished by forming the jets with flaring mouths, as 33, and chambers 34, and connecting the two bya hole or channel 35 of very much reduced diameter. This has the efiect or tendency to atomize the. oil when the same is first fed into the burner preparatory to vaporizing the same and to project the gas, which later results from the vaporizing process in such a manner as to more readily and thoroughly mix it with air, and thus render it more combustible and capable of generating a flame of a very high degree of heat.

The retort 26 is formed in the main of two elbows 36, coupled by a pipe 37, the elbows where the pipe enters being swollen or enlarged and taper down to the size of the superheating-pipe where the elbows connect with said superheating-pipe and oil-inlet pipe. By forming the retort as shown-that is to ing-pipe. is the oil-supply pipe 42, controlled by an orsay, with much more interior space than the same length of superheating-pipeand arranging the retort and the snperheating-pipe on an incline conducts the oil in coming into the burner constantly to a higher point than the oil-inlet, thus avoiding the possibility of the oil accumulating in the retort or superheating-pipe, all tendency of said oil when the pressure is relieved being to flow back out of the burner into the supply-pipe, where no vaporization takes place. By this arrangement I find that the possibility of slight pipes and one in the horizontal pipe 13, and

these projections enter corresponding depressions 45 in the opposite halves of the mixing-chamber, so'that when the halves-are assembled they will fit accurately together and render the assembling of the parts easy and prevent their sliding upon each other when the burner is assembled.

The construction of the burner shown in Figs. 5 and 6 is identical with that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, with the exception that the re- ,tort is slightly modified, the same being formed with a reduced side portion 40, into which is screwed elbow 41, which in turn receives the inclined portion 24 of the support- Tapped into the face of this retort dinary valve 43, through which the desired amount of oil is permitted to pass to said retort from a suitable oil-tank. (Not shown.) It will be noted in this construction that the point of oil-supply is below the end of the superheating-pipe and that said superheating-pipe is inclined from the point where it enters the retort to the point where it connects with the vertical section 23 of said superheating-pipe.

In operation oil is let into the generator or retort, from whence it passes through the superheating-pipe through jets and is ignited on the pan and burns till the retort and superheatingpipe become sufficiently hot to convert the oil therein into vapor, which will issue from the jets in the form of gas, when it is forced down into the hot-air or mixing tube 14, where it mixes with heated air comingin through the tubes 12, thus forming a fixed gas which burns in a thin blue flame perfectly free from smoke or soot. The fixed gas resulting from the admixture in the tubes 11 of the heated air and oil-vapor is carried or forced down through said tubes, where it comes in contact with the top of the deflecting-plate, where 'it is deflected and further mixes with air coming in through the perforations in the top plate.

I claim- 1. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination with a suitable base, having air-inlet openings therethrough, a mixing-chamber supported on said base comprising a central hollow section open at its lower end, and formed with laterallyand downwardly extended hollow sections communicating with the central section, said downwardly-extending sections being open at their lower ends and terminating above the base, said laterally-extending section being provided with gas-inlet openings so arranged in said section that the gas will be projected therethrough and through the vertical sections, a jet-pipe and a superheating-pipe connected to the jetpipe.

2. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination with a suitable base, having air-inlet openings therethrough, a mixing -'chamber supported on said base comprising a central hollow section open at its lower end, and formed with laterally and downwardly extended hollow sections communicating with the central section, said downwardly-extending sections being open at their lower ends and terminating above the base, said laterally-extending sections being provided with gas-inlet openings so arranged in said sections that the gas will be projected therethrough and through the vertical sections, a jet-pipe, a superheating-pipe having connection with the jet-pipe, and a retort arranged on an incline with relation to the superheating-pipe and having connection with said pipe, substantially as described.

3. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination with a suitable base, having air-inlet openings therethrough, -a mixing chamber supported on said base and provided with'a central tube, open at its lower end, and formed with laterally and downwardly extended tubes communicating with the central tube, said downwardly-extending tubes being open at their lower ends and terminating above the base, said laterally-extending tubes .being provided with gas-inlet openings so arranged in said tube that the gas will be proj ected therethrough and through the vertical tubes, a retort, a jet-pipe, and a superheating-pipe connecting the retort and jet-pipe, substantially as described.

4:. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination with a perforated base, a mixing-chamber supported on said base and formed of a central tube open at its lower end and laterally and downwardly extending tubes, the downwardly-extending tubes being open at their lower ends and terminating above the base and the laterally-extended tube being provided with gas-inlet openings through the vertical tubes, a j et-pipe supported above the mixingchamber, an inclined superheating- 1 perheating pipe,

pipe connected with the jet-pipe at one end, a retort connected with the other end of said superheating-pipe, said retort being of greater interior capacity than the same length of suand arranged so that the fuel will pass upwardly through said retort to the superheating-pipe substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a'hydrocarbon-burner, the combination with a base comprising a perforated supporting-pan and a perforated top or deflecting plate, a mixing-chamber supported on the deflecting-plate, said chamber being formed of a central tube open at its lower end and laterally and vertically extending tubes communicating with a central tube, said vertical tubes being open at their lower ends and terminating above the deflecting-plate, said laterally-extending pipes being provided with gas-inlet openings, a jet-pipe supported above the mixing-chamber and having jets adapted to project the gas downwardly through the vertical tubes, a superheating-pipe having: one end connected'with the jet-pipe, a retort connected to the other end of the superheating-pipe, said retort being of greater interior capacity than the same length of superheating-pipe, and so arranged that the oil will flow upwardly through the retort to the superheating-pipe, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination with a base comprising a perforated sup-- porting-pan cut away at its sides and ends, a perforated deflecting-plate supported upon said pan, a mixing-chamber supported on the deflecting-plate and formed of a central tube open at its lower end and laterally and downwardly projecting tubes communicating with the central tube, said downwardly-projecting tubes being open at their lower ends, and terminating above the deflecting-plate, and said laterally-extending tube being provided with gas-inlet openings through which the gas is projected through the downwardly-projecting tubes, a jet-pipe supported above the mixingchamber, a superheating-pipe connected with the j et-pipe and arranged to conduct the fuel in a generally upward direction,from the point of oil'supply, a retort connected with the other end of the superheating-pipe, said retort having greater interior capacity than the same length of superheating-pipe, and so arranged with relation to thesuperheating-pipe that the oil passing therethrough will pass in an upwardly direction, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination with a perforated base, of a mixing-chamber supported upon said base, and formed in two'lateral halves, one provided with projections and the other with depressions for the purpose set forth, and which halves when assembled, form a central tube open at its lower end and laterally and downwardly extendingtubes communicating therewith, the downwardly-extending tubes being open at their lower ends and terminating above the deflecting-plate, a jet-pipe supported above the mixing-chamber adapted to project gas downwardly through the same, a retort, and a superheating-pipe connecting the retort and j etpipe, substantially as described.

8. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combina tion with a perforated supporting-pan, a perforated deflectingplate supported on said pan, a mixing-chamber supported on the de fleeting-plate and formed of a central tube open at its lower end, and laterally and downwardly projecting tubes being open at their lower ends and terminating above the deflecting-plate, said laterally and downwardly projecting tubes being so connected with the central tube as to receive the gas or air from said central tube, means for controlling the air passing through the base and the central tube, a jet-pipe above the mixing-chamber, a retort, and a superheating-pipe connecting the retort and the jet-pipe, substantially as described.

9. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination with a perforated supporting-pan, of a deflecting-plate supported on said pan, a mixing-charnber supported on the deflecting-plate and formed of a central tube open at its lower end and laterally-extending and downwardlyextending tubes connected with the central tube, the downwardly-extending tubes being open at their lower ends and terminating above the deflecting-plate, a j et-pipe adapted to project gas downwardly through the downwardly-projecting tubes, a retort, a superheating-pipe connecting the retort and jet- 

